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Wazuh & eBPF: Monitor TCP connections effectively

Network monitoring can be a powerful method for gaining insights into your server environment, but it is often a complex and resource-intensive task. The Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) technology solves these challenges by providing pre-configured resources, including the bcc-tools package with its pre-built eBPF programs.

In this blog post, I will showcase the eBPF technology modifying the tcptracer utility to connect with Wazuh socket, which tracks the kernel functions responsible for connecting, accepting, and closing TCP connections. This modification offers improved functionality and boasts minimal overhead due to its use of eBPF features.

Pre-requisites:

Wazuh agent & eBPF :

#hosted in my gist repo https://gist.github.com/elwali10
curl -so /home/vagrant/WazuheBPFTCPTracer https://gist.githubusercontent.com/elwali10/412c1176a3c24ccb84fba5fefa4e8503/raw/a974e26600503bf0a41842a4493dcdcd169dea09/WazuheBPFTCPTracer.py
#Make it executable
chmod go+x /home/vagrant/WazuheBPFTCPTracer 

#Configure the tool as a service 
#Create the service file 
touch /etc/systemd/system/WazuheBPFTCPTracer.service

#Add below content 
[Unit]
Description=WazuheBPFTCPTracer

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/vagrant/WazuheBPFTCPTracer

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#Enable and start the service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable WazuheBPFTCPTracer 
systemctl start  WazuheBPFTCPTracer
systemctl status  WazuheBPFTCPTracer

Wazuh Manager & Dashboard:

You should add the below decoders/rules and pipeline to get the events to the Wazuh dashboard.

  • Decoders:
<decoder name="eBPFTCP">
 <prematch>TCP Connection:</prematch>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>PID: (\d*) </regex>
<order>PID</order>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>ProcessName: (\.*) </regex>
<order>ProcessName</order>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>IPVersion: (\d*) </regex>
<order>IPVersion</order>
</decoder>


<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>SourceAddress: (\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+) </regex>
<order>scrip</order>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>DestinationAddress: (\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+) </regex>
<order>destip</order>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>SourcePort: (\d*) </regex>
<order>SourcePort</order>
</decoder>

<decoder name="eBPFTCP1">
<parent>eBPFTCP</parent>
<regex>DestinationPort: (\d*) </regex>
<order>DestinationPort</order>
</decoder>
  • Rules:
<group name="eBPFTCP">

  <rule id="120000" level="3">
   <decoded_as>eBPFTCP</decoded_as>
   <description> TCP Connection Established </description>
  </rule>

</group>
  • Pipeline: Must be added to the file /usr/share/filebeat/module/wazuh/alerts/ingest/pipeline.json located in the Wazuh manager.
{
  "description": "Wazuh alerts pipeline",
  "processors": [
    { "json" : { "field" : "message", "add_to_root": true } },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.srcip",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.destip",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.win.eventdata.ipAddress",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.aws.sourceIPAddress",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.gcp.jsonPayload.sourceIP",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "geoip": {
        "field": "data.office365.ClientIP",
        "target_field": "GeoLocation",
        "properties": ["city_name", "country_name", "region_name", "location"],
        "ignore_missing": true,
        "ignore_failure": true
      }
    },
    {
      "date": {
        "field": "timestamp",
        "target_field": "@timestamp",
        "formats": ["ISO8601"],
        "ignore_failure": false 
      }
    },
    {
      "date_index_name": {
        "field": "timestamp",
        "date_rounding": "d",
        "index_name_prefix": "{{fields.index_prefix}}",
        "index_name_format": "yyyy.MM.dd",
        "ignore_failure": false 
      }
    },
    { "remove": { "field": "message", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "ecs", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "beat", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "input_type", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "tags", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "count", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "@version", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "log", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "offset", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "type", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "host", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "fields", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "event", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "fileset", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } },
    { "remove": { "field": "service", "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } }
  ],
  "on_failure" : [{
    "drop" : { }
  }]
}
  • Apply the new pipeline and decoders/rules:
Systemctl restart wazuh-manager
filebeat setup --pipelines
  • Tests and results: Performing any actions that establish TCP connections would be captured; as an example: 
wget google.com
systemctl restart wazuh-agent
apt-get update

The enrichment from the pipeline allows getting the country names from the captured TCP connection events with very minimum resource consumption, thanks to the eBPF Capabilities.

  • Demo Video:

EL WALI KARKOUB

, , , ,

73 responses to “Wazuh & eBPF: Monitor TCP connections effectively”

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    Hold your shoulder blades retracted throughout chest presses
    to guard your shoulders and be sure that the pectoral muscles are fully engaged.
    Normal or incline push-ups (against a wall or together with your palms on a chair) are a fantastic chest train for body weight chest exercises.
    This inner chest workout is normally done at the finish of a chest exercise
    to burn the internal pecs.
    Although this may be a triceps focus exercise, it additionally supplies a big amount
    of tension to the middle of your chest and helps to make it extra defined.
    There’s solely an higher pectoralis and lower pectoralis muscle on either side,
    that are connected to the sternum, the middle of
    your chest. This greatest Inner chest Train and Workout plan is highly really helpful for
    anyone interested in constructing body energy and gaining muscle.
    You’ll discover a approach to incorporate most of,
    if not all, into your chest routine. Selection promotes positive aspects in power and
    measurement and helps to stop plateaus. Performing exercises
    with the proper type is essential to target the inside chest effectively.
    It is often thought of as a traditional bodybuilding
    motion, because the objective of the exercise is to isolate
    the chest for aesthetic purposes.
    As I talked about earlier, that is more effective for
    hypertrophy than shorter ranges of motion. Perform Exercise 1 for 4-6 weeks, trying to increase your weight every exercise.

    Then transfer to Workout 2 and repeat the process till you get
    via Workout 5. Once you’re by way of Workout 5, you can begin over at Workout 1 assured that you’re greater and stronger than you had been earlier than. All areas of the chest reply finest within the 
    low (4-6) or average (8-12) rep ranges. I rarely embrace higher reps for beginner lifters and I believe the heavier
    weight helps construct a more solid basis.
    Most people are under the impression that they can’t pack on much chest size
    with simply bodyweight chest workout routines at residence.
    And that heavy urgent actions within the fitness center are instead important to doing so.
    Admittedly, these urgent actions within the fitness center are extremely effective and convenient to use
    to construct your chest. The incline dumbbell press targets the upper chest with the further advantage of elevated vary
    of movement and improved stability. This train is particularly
    efficient for activating the clavicular head of the pectoralis major.
    A controlled tempo and a slight pause on the bottom of the movement further improve muscle activation.
    Add in the truth that the only tools you want is a pair of
    dumbbells, and that makes this one of the best workouts for a chest workout at home with dumbbells.
    Barbell bench presses are one of the best compound exercises as a result of they work nearly every higher physique muscle
    and promote chest progress. However, one chest train just
    isn’t sufficient to maximise muscle progress or chest improvement.

    Its guided motion makes it beginner-friendly while
    still being efficient for superior lifters aiming for hypertrophy.
    This is why you see lots of people use the cable crossover machine
    for flys more than dumbbells. With this cable
    fly variation, you are performing the fly motion from high
    to low.
    This, in flip, will make your complete body stronger, allowing you to go
    heavier during other lifts. If you’ve ever sat
    down on the pec deck, then you realize the fundamental actions required
    to drag this exercise off. The wide grip bench press is a variation of the standard bench press train that entails gripping the barbell wider than shoulder-width aside.
    This exercise primarily targets the center and outer chest muscular tissues,
    in addition to the triceps and shoulders. The flat bench dumbbell press is a well-liked exercise for creating chest
    power and measurement.
    In order to maximize the impact on the inner chest, there are a few things to hold in mind.
    In geek communicate, every sarcomere of muscle fibril
    will contract with each rep of these chest-focused workout routines.

    But you can put added emphasis in your inside chest
    with the best workout routines. Sure, you can’t actually isolate your “internal chest”—but these exercises will help
    accomplish your higher body objectives. This exercise can be done from an upright
    standing position, bent over standing position, or with a bench set up subsequent
    to the cable machine in a lying place. This variation of the basic cable fly adds
    a bit more shoulder and lower chest, while nonetheless emphasizing the inside chest – or in other words, the lower-inner
    chest.
    By staggering your palms in this push-up variation,
    you’ll better target each pec individually, growing the workload on your chest.
    “How a lot do you bench?” If you’ve ever talked to anybody about lifting
    weights or the gym, you may have doubtless been requested that
    query. Between the normalcy of that query and Monday’s being often identified as “Worldwide Chest Day,”
    there is no debate that the chest is essentially
    the most commonly labored muscle group. If
    going to a gym is not feasible, you can also go for on-line steering.

    As Soon As you may have the data and understand the technique,
    it’s straightforward to construct a “bodybuilder-like” upper physique in a number
    of weeks. Let us know any tips we missed – and your expertise with the internal chest workouts – in the feedback.
    The upper part of the inside chest is the origin point of the clavicular head of the pec main.
    Examples embody dumbbell squeeze press on ground, cable standing squeeze upper chest press, and weighted svend press.
    These exercises enable for a more concentrated effort on the inner pecs, aiding of their improvement and power.
    This train activates the inner chest muscles, providing a fantastic isolation exercise.
    It also engages stabilizing muscular tissues like shoulders, triceps, and core for overall higher
    body energy growth. This train targets the
    inside portion of the pectoral muscle tissue, offering a difficult variation to straightforward urgent actions.
    It also engages the triceps and shoulders for added muscle activation.
    When carried out correctly, this exercise may help isolate
    and activate the inner chest, selling development and definition. Adding it to your
    routine can enhance the overall stability and aesthetics of your chest.
    The chest muscle tissue, together with the inside chest, can be effectively targeted with body weight workouts such as close-grip push-ups and dips.
    Compound workout routines like bench presses and push-ups ought to kind the muse of your chest workout, as they have interaction a number of muscle
    groups. If your gym has a cushty decline press machine, like a plate-loaded hammer strength
    machine, use it. Alongside with the traditional double-arm press,
    you presumably can sit sideways and press across your body one arm at a time.

    Preserving your arms slightly wider than shoulder width is perfect for general chest growth.

    It is all the time best to start with fewer reps and sets after which steadily improve as your
    power improves. The dumbbell fly takes advantage of arm rotation to really target all areas
    of the pecs, however most importantly, the inside chest.
    Throughout the squeeze press, the dumbbells are at all times involved with
    one another, and you’re actively squeezing them inward (against every other)
    as exhausting as attainable. Training the entire
    chest muscles provides you a balanced and proportionate chest.

    While you might suppose that to build chest muscle definition you want heavy weight, you’ll
    be pretty surprised what you presumably can accomplish with resistance bands.

    This is where isolation workout routines, such as flyes or the Pec
    Deck Machine, are required to assist develop the decrease,
    internal, and higher chest muscular tissues. The
    seated cable chest press is an efficient exercise
    for concentrating on the chest muscle tissue whereas also engaging the
    triceps and shoulders. To carry out the exercise, sit
    on a bench facing the cable machine and grab the handles
    along with your palms going through down.

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  64. Consistency is amongst the main not-so-secret components
    within the muscle-building recipe. Even should you energy prepare, which has been proven to increase testosterone, not having optimal ranges is enjoying
    with one hand tied behind your again (51). It’s essential
    that you work your largest muscular tissues first and your smallest muscular tissues final,
    as this enables for the greatest muscle damage and anabolic hormone launch (49).

    One research published in 2019 found that having spotter improves your bench press efficiency
    (41). One meta-analysis confirmed that untrained
    individuals want extra rest and shouldn’t practice as
    intensely (10). Nevertheless, one examine showed that untrained men confirmed a similar increase
    in strength from multi-joint movements as they did from single-joint actions (6).

    To keep away from this, what you should do is first
    determine how many calories you’re truly consuming.

    So begin monitoring your calorie consumption for
    the subsequent few days. And get a good sense of what
    your common consumption seems to be. I knew
    I had to eat someplace around three,000 energy to begin out placing on weight.

    You can get creatine from food (primarily animal proteins like meat and fish), but not sufficient for
    the consequences you’re after. Leaning toward the upper
    numbers of these suggestions can be a good idea to make sure sooner muscle growth.
    You can only construct a a lot bigger and stronger tower if you have
    enough Legos. Equally, your muscular tissues will solely develop or repair correctly with enough protein and amino acids.
    By monitoring your workouts, you can play detective and spot patterns.
    Without tracing your workouts, you would possibly miss these clues to your
    progress. Monitoring your progress is important to maintain your gains coming.

    It’s unclear whether taking them as a supplement is useful when you already eat enough protein. Beta-alanine is an amino acid that reduces fatigue
    and should enhance exercise performance. Beta-alanine may also
    assist increase muscle mass if you’re following an train program.

    With pump training, the rest intervals are brief and the volume is high.
    You’re going to rest lower than 30 seconds between sets and
    knockout plus reps for 4-5 sets or more. Get access to the newest unique on-line offers,
    training plans and eating plans. Creatine has historically been utilized by athletes and individuals who need to increase their
    efficiency. Some sources even declare that it began the complement revolution.
    Infinite hours within the fitness center can solely be so effective
    with out being supplemented by something. Protein powder is a critically environment friendly method to bulk up and ensure your fitness center time isn’t going unsupported.

    It has been documented in quite a few research research that someplace between 2,500 to
    2,800 excess calories are wanted to produce one pound
    of lean mass. However, this quantity can differ depending in your health level, body composition, and food plan. For most adding
    one hundred to 300 calories per day is enough in promoting wholesome weight achieve, but others might require much higher intakes.
    Overweight people are capable of having more muscle than others however usually undergo from poor muscle quality as
    a result of lack of exercise and life-style elements (4).
    Thus, it is key to focus on general body composition and a healthy
    life-style total, including strength training, not simply gaining muscle mass alone.
    Muscle does wonders for maintaining your weight and body
    composition for the lengthy haul.
    Researchers observe creatine supplementation can enhance strength, train performance, and muscle measurement in females.
    Creatine affects muscle cells and train performance, promoting muscle gain. In truth, a considerable quantity of analysis shows creatine improves muscle power.
    Taking it as a dietary supplement can enhance muscle creatine content material by up to 40% past its normal levels.

    Depart a glass of casein protein or mass gainer within the fridge and consume it if getting
    up through the evening for the bathroom. This is a straightforward way to increase calories and is suitable for
    people who can’t eat enough meals in simply two meals and thus have to benefit from each alternative to cram in more energy.

    Focusing on lifting heavier weights, lower reps, and executing fewer units with full rests is prone to
    improve power. By distinction, hypertrophy training entails reasonable weight, greater reps, and extra units with restricted rest in between.
    For instance, if it’s tough to complete 10 reps of squats together with
    your physique weight, don’t add additional weight yet.

    As A Substitute, concentrate on finishing your reps and sets at your base degree after
    which improve your intensity once you’ll be able to comfortably end your routine.
    However, analysis suggests that resistance coaching – regardless of the specific focus
    – is helpful for weight loss.
    Changing meals with mass gainers can disrupt metabolic processes and trigger unhealthy cravings, potentially resulting in gaining weight.

    Pair mass gainers with common meals to take care of
    balanced nutrient consumption. Inconsistent use of mass gainers
    prevents achieving a caloric surplus, hindering bulking results.
    Use mass gainers often and as part of a structured routine.
    Relying solely on mass gainers and not using a balanced diet can result in nutrient deficiencies.

    These supplements ought to complement, not replace, complete foods in your food
    plan.
    Staying diligent in monitoring progress allows for knowledgeable
    decisions to maximize mass gainer benefits. There’s no magic muscle method
    that can get you immediate gains. But should you set practical objectives and persist with them,
    the results will come. A analysis evaluate found that
    sleep is important for athletic efficiency and recovery.

    A essential muscle-building hormone is launched throughout
    deep sleep.
    Extra superior dietary supplements might permit
    you to train harder, but recovery stays essential for
    growth. Mass gainers amplify results from proper training; they can’t exchange a structured,
    progressive exercise plan. As you progress to extra
    superior choices, support dietary supplements become more and more
    important for health and results.
    If you’re naturally skinny, you can go for the higher
    finish of that interval, but when you find yourself gaining fats
    easily, it’s higher to purpose for the lower finish. Power training includes using resistance workout routines to construct energy and muscle mass.
    We’ve gone via one of the best mass gainers
    available on the market and ranked them based on their effectiveness.
    Quality mass gainers speed up the restore of damaged muscle fibers,
    lowering soreness and permitting for more frequent, productive coaching periods.
    After train, your physique begins its repair process, referred to as muscle protein synthesis.
    This is when amino acids, that are the constructing blocks of protein, shuttle in and work their magic to help
    rebuild and restore muscle tissue and assist make it stronger.

    Nonetheless, this process solely occurs if your body has
    these constructing blocks (aka amino acids) available.

    Do not let anybody discuss you into a diet that eliminates carbs, or
    fat, or significantly lowered protein. All
    macronutrients play a key position in each constructing muscle mass and general
    health (providing the vitamins and minerals your body needs).
    If you are not sure how a lot protein you must eat to gain muscle and improve power or need to develop a
    meal plan specific to your nutrition and well being wants, contemplate working with a registered dietitian.
    They can help you design a meal plan to reach your physique composition objectives in a secure and
    effective method.
    This can additionally be why energy training and CrossFit type workouts result in muscle measurement
    progress greater than operating or swimming. Tempeh is produced from fermented
    soybeans and is an entire plant based protein. Delivering 19 grams of
    protein and 193 calories per a hundred grams, it is an efficient addition to vegan and vegetarian weight achieve diets.

    Now before I share what exercises you must and should not apply this technique to, I know what some of you might be thinking.

    There are 3 time-saving methods which have been shown to be best.
    Physique recomposition methods can be utilized by everybody from
    elite athletes to these simply on the lookout for a healthy method to get in form.
    For instance, somebody taking 9000 steps each
    day would add 1.5 to their base value.
    Your workouts ought to be like your favorite present – you can’t wait to see the next episode.
    It replenishes your energy stores, so you’re able to
    hit the ground lifting. Most individuals can deal
    with one evening of poor sleep and nonetheless carry out decently within the fitness
    center, however constant sleep deprivation will tank your
    performance.
    However I guarantee if you perform them correctly you will see big enhancements in your decrease chest.
    It has been proven in several research to be
    the most effective train at activating the chest.
    And additionally, the exercise that you could lift the most
    weight with. Additionally, research like this one by
    Akagi et al., show a constructive correlation between 1 rep max bench
    press with the scale of the pectoralis main.
    On top of that, it uses strictly natural flavoring agents, like cocoa and
    monk fruit, for style. Thanks to this clear complement design,
    it’s our all-around favorite. The protein blend might be slightly
    higher-quality–currently it’s a bend of whey protein focus, milk protein isolate,
    and whey protein isolate, and the sugar content material is pretty high at 24 grams.
    It doesn’t have too many different perks or benefits, so it lends itself very a
    lot in the middle of the pack. If you need to shift your macronutrient intake strongly in direction of protein, MHP’s Up
    Your Mass does it best. Even although each serving solely has about 800 energy, each
    has 62 grams of protein. The sugar content, 20
    grams per serving, is considerably excessive, however no much less than there
    are 4 grams of dietary fiber to sluggish the sugar-rush a bit.

    Although, there is a recommended ratio choice for many who choose to remain impartial.
    Although, this quantity will differ as three,500 calories isn’t always utterly correct to gauge your
    progress as the body doesn’t change in a linear pattern. So,
    you might have to do a little adjusting especially when we may not at all times be
    accurate with our activity levels and nutrition amounts.

    A small 2016 examine with resistance trained male participants suggests BCAAs
    might improve muscle acquire or cut back muscle loss in contrast with a placebo.
    Just about everyone consumes BCAAs from food every day, however it’s also
    very popular to take BCAAs as a complement. Nonetheless, it’s all
    the time a good idea to speak with a doctor before beginning any supplementation program.
    They will contemplate your well being history to discover
    out the right dosing and ensure there aren’t any unfavorable interactions with medications you might
    be taking. Moreover, some research exhibits
    that creatine might lower the breakdown of proteins in your muscle tissue.
    Whereas it’s possible to meet all these
    criteria without taking dietary supplements, certain dietary supplements could assist you to
    meet your targets.
    In reality, the dumbbell bench press was truly proven by
    Brett Contreras’ research to elicit the best activation for the
    middle chest. And one other plus is the higher vary of movement with dumbbells since your range of movement isn’t restricted
    by the bar. However as you probably can see, even in the literature there’s lots of individual variation. If this is
    the case for you, think about alternatively
    using an exercise like the dumbbell bench press. It has been proven to have comparable chest activation to the barbell bench press however much less triceps activation. This could also be a
    plus in case your triceps are overactive when benching.
    “Completely Different muscle fiber traits, Sort I and II, slow and fast twitch respectively can both enhance in measurement, however the latter can have extra development potential,” explains Turner.

    Pasta, especially the white selection, is calorie dense and excessive in carbohydrates which can help fuel
    you through your workouts. Pair with a protein source similar to hen or salmon for a simple evening meal.

    Rice is a staple in many a meal prep field and for good
    cause.

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